Wearable biosensing device technology (^(M)Nature Reviews Materials, 2025) is rapidly advancing applications in digital healthcare. Our research focuses on developing wearable sensing (^(ⅰ)Science Advances, 2017) and data storage (^(ⅱ)Science Advances, 2016) devices by assembling nanoscale materials and fabricating stretchable systems (^(ⅲ)Nature Nanotechnology, 2014) to ensure high performance and stable operation even under dynamic human motion. We have also enhanced multimodal sensing capabilities, enabling the simultaneous detection of temperature, glucose, pH, and humidity, and seamlessly integrated feedback therapy functions (^(ⅳ)Nature Nanotechnology, 2016). We also aim to further advance wearable biosensing technologies by incorporating machine learning, thereby expanding their applications in human-machine interfaces (^(ⅴ)Advanced Materials, 2014) and next-generation prosthetic systems (^(ⅵ)Advanced Materials, 2025). Tissue implants for regeneration (^(vii)Nature Communications, 2019) are also in our interest along with prosthesis.

Our research in controlled drug delivery is dedicated to developing advanced devices that enable precise and effective therapeutic interventions, particularly for brain tumors. For example, our work on a flexible, sticky, and biodegradable wireless device for drug delivery to brain tumors (^(M)Nature Communications, 2019) has opened new avenues for minimally invasive treatments. Building on this foundation, we have explored injectable hydrogel nanocomposites for penetrative and sustained drug delivery in postsurgical brain tumor treatment (^(ⅰ)ACS Nano, 2023). In parallel, we developed multifunctional injectable hydrogels that support in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications (^(ⅱ)ACS Nano, 2022), further enhancing treatment efficacy. Moreover, our innovative approach using bioresorbable microneedles-integrated bioelectronics has enabled localized delivery of theranostic nanoparticles and chemical drugs (^(ⅲ)Advanced Materials, 2021). In addition, we demonstrated a system in which an implanted drug delivery device can be wirelessly controlled by a wearable power-transferring patch (^(ⅳ)Science Advances, 2021), enabling user-friendly and programmable therapy.

Bio-inspired artificial vision draws inspiration from the remarkable capabilities of natural vision systems. A key advantage of the bio-inspired artificial vision lies in its capability to address challenging conditions in image acquisition and processing—scenarios where conventional vision systems may struggle with. By leveraging the strategies employed by natural vision systems, novel imaging systems that can acquire image data more compatible for AI-based processing and target recognition can be developed. Specifically, we have developed a range of AI-native imaging systems inspired by various natural visions, including human (^(ⅰ)Nature Nanotechnology, 2022), fish (^(ⅱ)Nature Electronics, 2020), cuttlefish (^(ⅲ)Science Robotics, 2023), fibber crab (^(ⅳ)Nature Electronics, 2022), bird (^(M)Science Robotics, 2024), and cat (^(ⅴ)Science Advances, 2024). These artificial vision systems can be integrated with mobile robots such as humanoid robots, submarines, unmanned vehicles, and drones to minimize computation load and time in edge-level image processing.

Our research in in-sensor computing for artificial robot vision lies at the forefront of integrating advanced sensor architectures with embedded computational capabilities to enhance robotic perception. For example, the development of an anti-distortion bioinspired camera featuring an inhomogeneous photo-pixel array (^(M)Nature Communications, 2024) introduces innovative strategies for mitigating image distortion in complex environments. In addition, a curved neuromorphic image sensor array based on a MoS2-organic heterostructure (^(ⅰ)Nature Communications, 2020) demonstrates how bio-inspired design can optimize signal processing, reduce computational overhead, and improve the efficiency of semantic segmentation (^(ⅱ)Science Advances, 2025). Complementing these advances, we also integrated synaptic phototransistors with quantum dot light-emitting diodes (^(ⅲ)Science Advances, 2022), showcasing a system capable of simultaneous visualization and recognition of UV patterns. Beyond vision systems, robotic hands are another key element in humanoid robots. We developed a humanoid robot skin that integrates pressure, strain, temperature, and humidity sensing arrays (^(ⅳ)Nature Communications, 2014). Collectively, these breakthroughs underscore our commitment to pioneering next-generation human-friendly robotic systems.

We developed floatable photocatalytic hydrogel nanocomposites (^(ⅰ)Nature Nanotechnology, 2023) and nitrogen-fixing microbial biocomposites (^(ⅱ)Advanced Materials, 2023) for efficient and sustainable solar hydrogen production. A compact device integrating photocatalysis and electrocatalysis for closed-loop fuel production further enhances the overall performance of hydrogen generation (^(ⅲ)Device, 2024). Building on these advancements, we are expanding our research toward plastic waste upcycling, machine learning-aided bio-hybrid optimization, H2O2 production via oxygen reduction reaction, synthesis of high carbon number organic fuels, and the maximized utility of solar thermal energy. Recently, polymeric stabilization of nanoscale photocatalysts has been shown to significantly extend the operational lifetime of highly efficient dispersed single-atom photocatalysts, even under harsh reaction conditions (^(M)Nature Nanotechnology, 2025), thereby enhancing the translation potential of photocatalytic solar fuel generation systems.